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Our childhood experiences, as the nervous system is developing, lay the foundation for how our nervous system responds to stress, and its resilience, as we grow into adulthood.

Redefining trauma

Trauma is the subjective experience of an event, or series of events, that overwhelms one's capacity to cope.


This updated definition no longer requires the determination by an outside observer (ie. clinician) that an event was sufficiently traumatic to warrant a diagnosis of trauma.

This definition also brings the experience of trauma into the body and the nervous system, as one that overwhelms our capacity to cope.

Sources of trauma

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Physical and/or sexual abuse, physical and/or emotional neglect, domestic violence, household member with substance abuse, mental illness or incarceration, parental divorce or separation. High exposure to these experiences may lead to developmental trauma or attachment trauma. 


Environmental Disasters

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Earthquake 

Hurricane

Home fire/wildfire

Flood

Violence/Assault/Attack

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Violence/Assault/Attack

Sexual assault or exploitation,  

community violence, school shootings, bullying, animal attack, kidnapping, war, terrorist attack, commission of a violent act (as the perpetrator)

Accidents

Medical/Procedural

Violence/Assault/Attack

Falls, concussions

Motor vehicle accidents

Near-suffocation or near-drowning

Medical/Procedural

Medical/Procedural

Medical/Procedural

Medical or dental procedure

Life-threatening illness

Chronic medical illness

Physical restraint/immobilization

Loss

Medical/Procedural

Medical/Procedural

Death of a loved one, even a pet

Loss of home/displacement

Loss of limb or bodily function

For a child, being lost in unfamiliar place

Parental Stress/Trauma

Intergenerational trauma

Intra-uterine/perinatal

Parents fighting/violence

Witnessing parental fear

Deportation of parent

Parental illness

Chronic parental stress

Intra-uterine/perinatal

Intergenerational trauma

Intra-uterine/perinatal

Exposure to maternal stress

Birth complications

Fetal distress


Intergenerational trauma

Intergenerational trauma

Intergenerational trauma

Parent with post-traumatic stress disorder

Community trauma/war/genocide

Systemic racism or discrimination





While it can be helpful to identify the source of trauma, oftentimes a patient's trauma can not be easily identified or discussed. It is not necessary to identify the source of trauma in order to help the patient.

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